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Ever since the abortive European Defence Community of 1952 and the underperformed Western European Union of 1955, based on the Brussels Treaty of 1948, European states have tried several times to come up with a joint security and defense structure. Yet this seemingly shared desire was never transformed into a…

Iran’s influence in the Middle East has been strengthening since the 9/11 attacks, after which U.S. operations devastated and weakened Afghanistan and Iraq, two countries that had for decades kept Iran in check. It has also benefitted from the power vacuum left behind in the wake of the withdrawal of…

Starting from his election campaign, United States President Donald Trump has been a controversial politician, drawing attention with his unprecedented statements, actions and tweets. While he is about to complete his first year in office amid constant talk of wrongdoing and possible impeachment, Trump has already demonstrated that he would…

Russian President Vladimir Putin hosted Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Iranian President Hassan Rouhani in Sochi, Russia, on Nov. 22. The trilateral summit was an important juncture in finding a viable political solution for Syria’s six-year civil war, which has claimed nearly half a million lives. Since the early…

Turkey’s relations with the West and its organizations have been turbulent and ambivalent ever since the Republic was established in 1923. Independence was won fighting against Western proxies, and Turkish leaders have never forgotten that Western countries previously tried to divide the country. Although early Republican leaders were able to…